Merge Sort

What is Merge Sort algorithm? How to implement Merge Sort in C++?

• Merge Sort  is a divide and conquer algorithm.
• In the best/ average/ worst case it gives a time complexity of O(n log n).

Conceptually, a merge sort works as follows:

1. If the list is of length 0 or 1, then it is already sorted. Otherwise:
2. Divide the unsorted list into two sublists of about half the size.
3. Sort each sublist recursively by re-applying the merge sort.
4. Merge the two sublists back into one sorted list.

(Reference: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort)

 EXAMPLE: Demonstrate a simple merge sort implementation

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

const int INPUT_SIZE = 10;

// A simple print function
void print(int *input)
{
    for ( int i = 0; i < INPUT_SIZE; i++ )
        cout << input[i] << " ";
    cout << endl;
}

void merge(int* input, int p, int r)
{
    int mid = floor((p + r) / 2);
    int i1 = 0;
    int i2 = p;
    int i3 = mid + 1;

    // Temp array
    int temp[r-p+1];

    // Merge in sorted form the 2 arrays
    while ( i2 <= mid && i3 <= r )
        if ( input[i2] < input[i3] )
            temp[i1++] = input[i2++];
        else
            temp[i1++] = input[i3++];

    // Merge the remaining elements in left array
    while ( i2 <= mid )
        temp[i1++] = input[i2++];

    // Merge the remaining elements in right array
    while ( i3 <= r )
        temp[i1++] = input[i3++];

    // Move from temp array to master array
    for ( int i = p; i <= r; i++ )
        input[i] = temp[i-p];
}

void merge_sort(int* input, int p, int r)
{
    if ( p < r )
    {
        int mid = floor((p + r) / 2);
        merge_sort(input, p, mid);
        merge_sort(input, mid + 1, r);
        merge(input, p, r);
    }
}

int main()
{
    int input[INPUT_SIZE] = {500, 700, 800, 100, 300, 200, 900, 400, 1000, 600};
    cout << "Input: ";
    print(input);
    merge_sort(input, 0, 9);
    cout << "Output: ";
    print(input);
    return 0;
}
OUTPUT:-
Input: 500 700 800 100 300 200 900 400 1000 600
Output: 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

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